Fashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors

Question: Discuss about the Fashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors. Answer: Introduction An organization intends to provide useful products not only to improve their productivity, but they also desire to make their brand known to every individual in the market. The organization that is considered for this business report is Australia Bulla Dairy, which is a major Dairy company. The key products of this organization are ice cream, cottage cheese, tablecream,yogurt,imitation cream and sour cream (Bulla.com.au 2016). The vision of Bulla Dairy is to craft the best of Australias dairy and share it across the globe; their mission is to be the best Dairy industry in the market of Australia. The milk consumption of milk in Australia is very high and they consume 31% and 27% milk for dairy products cheese and butter followed by 25% intact for drinking purpose (Australia.gov.au 2016). Figure 1: Australian milk utilization in 2014-2015 (Source: Australia.gov.au 2016) Moreover, the concerned origination also concisely targets their customers and segments their business according to the customers preferences. Solomon et al. (2012) depict that Bulla Dairy products are capable enough to bring a smile on kids' faces and have products for health-conscious people. They also do not follow any shortcuts, waste, and harmful processes and maintain environmental sustainability. Thus, the primary objective of this report is to illustrate their concise target market, segments, and positioning. In addition to that, their products are favorable in the Australian markets but the company is suffering from a disadvantage that they cannot export their products, as the quality of the products will be hampered. Thus, all these factors can be assessed by evaluating the external and internal analysis that will be carried out in this report. Moreover, Huang and Sarigollu (2014) depicts that to ensure the companys survival, growth in a highly competitive marketing environment and profitability, it is crucial for analyzing the consumer buying behavior. Australia (2014) also affirms that Bulla Dairy uses the acquired theColac Ice Worksand theRegal Creambrand for fulfilling the dairy products needs of local people. They also implement new innovative products like fairy bread ice cream, Bulla Crme Frache by taking a review from the customers and analyzing their new demands (Bulla.com.au 2016). Bulla also took initiatives for promotion their brand by hosting events like Bulla Family Dairy's Nacho Challenge, where lucky winners will receive $20 VISA debit card for winning the even for the best nacho creation and fun promotion, where individual get a chance of winning $50 Bulla prize pack (Bulla.com.au 2016). All these details will be elaborated through their analysis of consumer perceptions and behavior and marketing mix. The b usiness report finally wraps up with the recommendation for improving their business report. Reference List Australia, D., 2014. Australian Dairy Industry.Dairy Australia. Available online: www. dairyaustralia. com. au/Industry-information/About-the-industry. aspx. Australia.gov.au., 2016.Dairy Australia | australia.gov.au. [online] Available at: https://www.australia.gov.au/directories/australia/dairyaustralia [Accessed 11 Sep. 2016]. Bulla.com.au., 2016.Bulla|Bulla Dairy Foods. [online] Available at: https://www.bulla.com.au/#/the-bulla-story [Accessed 11 Sep. 2016]. Huang, R. and Sarigll, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J., 2012.Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU.

Non Electronic Communication Method and Practices Used By Company

Question: Discuss About the Non Electronic Communication Method and Practices Used By Company? Answer: Introduction Communication is an integral part of conducting business as it enables all stakeholders to know about the business of the company. Internally communication helps the staff to understand how they fit into the organization structure and the expectation of the company from them. On the other hand externally communication helps to create awareness of the product and service along with branding and how it can satisfy their needs (Bovee, Courtland, 2012). In this assignment the contemporary issues in professional business communication is assessed with the help of case study of Woolworths. It is the leading supermarkets chain with the head office in New South Wales, Australia. Non electronic communication methods and practices used by the company Non electronic communication is the tool used by the company where the distribution of message without the aid of any technology. It is done with the help of verbal communication and written communication. The verbal non electronic communication include face to face interaction of staffs and management, meeting conducted by the management and informal gossips at workplace (Carr, Kaynak, 2007). The written non electronic communication includes letters, flow charts, proposal, reports, memorandums, and invoices. These traditional methods of communication are losing its importance in the corporate environment though they act as alternatives to the more popular electronic communication. The main advantage of non electronic communication is it can be done with the basic skills of talking and writing. The main disadvantage of non electronic communication it is slow if people located far (Carr, Kaynak, 2007). In context to Woolworths, the company use both verbal and written non electronic communication to engage with stakeholders like staff members, customers, suppliers, vendors, public, media and government. One needs to use a range of skills while communicating in the workplace. For example when the sales staff is communicating to the potential customers in the supermarket of Woolworths Face to face, the sales staff needs to send a clear signal that they are able to get the message communicated by the customers and their need will be met (Berger, Roloff, Ewoldsen, 2010). With the objective of communicating this they need to use the eye contact, facial expression and good body language and all these are non electronic communication supporting the verbal non electronic communication. On the other hand Woolworths can issue an invoice to the customers once the customer completes the purchase to get the payment. It includes quantity, rate and amount and it is part of the written non electronic communication. Similarly the sales manager at Woolworths conduct meeting in the morning where he talks to the sales representative about the performance, customer complaints and other issue (Berger, R oloff, Ewoldsen, 2010). This is again an example of verbal non electronic communication. On the other hand each sales representative of the super market is instructed to prepare their daily sales report and submit to the manager on day to day basis and it is an example of written non electronic communication. Electronic media and communication strategies Electronic media and communication strategies are tool used by the company where the distribution of message involves technology. It can be verbal communication and written communication. The verbal communication using electronic media include telephone and mobile communication, video conferencing, Skype (Carroll, 2015). The written communication using electronic media include email, SMS, instant messages, website and social media. The importance of electronic communication is growing in the corporate environment as it provides many advantages. The main advantage of electronic communication is it provides speed, low cost, wide coverage, exchange of feedback and managing global operation (Carroll, 2015). The main disadvantage of electronic communication is the volume of data, legal status, and the cost of development, undelivered data and dependency. In context to Woolworths, the company use telephone, mobile phone email, instant messages, website and social media to communicate with various stakeholders. Email is the highly effective communication tool and it is widely used mode of business communication. It is also inexpensive as it only needs an internet connection. It supports print out of the message communicated but sift copy can be stored as archive and retrieved easily. The major benefits of Email in Woolworths is it support easy and fast flow of information to different staffs at 961 location operated by the supermarket. It improves efficiency and reduces paper waste and cost (Debrand, Johnson, 2008). The effective use of Email is done by Woolworths by following standard guidelines for preparing email messages, elements of an effective subject line, netiquette fundamentals and email abbreviations. The staffs of the company are trained on these aspects to use email effectively. In context to Woolworths, the web page of the company is designed as the public web presence and it is designed in accordance with the principles of for writing effectively for the web. The webpage of Woolworths is well designed in terms of structure, relevancy, usefulness, accuracy, findable, credibility, real time updating, scannable, consistency, voice, simplicity and interesting (Guffey, Loewy, 2010). It is created by taking into account the customer preference and taste. The webpage has attractive home page that is well organized. The entire site has unified look and graphics are used effectively. In addition the information in the website is updated regularly. It is used to communicate about the product and service and promote online business (click collect) where customers can shop round the clock. Woolworths also has active in several social media such as Face book, You Tube, Twitter, Pinterest, Instagram and tumblr (Guffey, Loewy, 2010). The major advantage os social medi a it helps Woolworths to interact with the customers directly. SWOT analysis on the companys overall communication methods and practice SWOT analysis is analytical tool that helps the company to identify the strength, weaknesses, opportunity and threat. It helps to understand the core competency and area of concern. As discussed above, Woolworths is using both non electronic communication (verbal and written) and electronic communication (verbal and written) to communicate with various stakeholders internally and externally (Helms, Nixon, 2010). It is also evident from the discussion that each communication tool used by the company has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this section SWOT analysis on the companys overall communication methods and practice is performed and the findings described. Strength of overall communication methods and practice Woolworths is able to improve the effectiveness of overall communication methods and practice by combining the benefits of both electronic communication (Telephone, Mobile, Video conferencing, Whatsapp Email, Instant messages, Website, Social media) and non electronic communication (Face to Face, Meeting, letters, flow charts, proposal, reports, memorandums, and invoices) to communicate with internal and external stakeholders (Helms, Nixon, 2010). The Email is most preferred internal tool while Website and social media is the most preferred external tool of communication. Weaknesses of overall communication methods and practice The major weaknesses related with the overall communication methods and practice is the documentation of reports, proposal and invoice with respect to the non electronic communication. The slow delivery of message to other location is also major issue in non electronic communication (Vonk, Geertman, Schot, 2007). Similarly if the internet is not working then the electronic media communication comes to standstill while the network problem is major issue related with mobile phones. The cost of development, undelivered data and dependency of electronic media also acts weaknesses. Opportunity of overall communication methods and practice The growing importance of social media and mobile apps provide huge opportunity to promote electronic media over the non electronic media in the overall communication methods and practice used by the company. The electronic media also support in making the office paperless by disposing the records of written communication related with the non electronic communication (Vonk, Geertman, Schot, 2007). The two way communication available in the website and social media also provide good opportunity to develop strong relation with customers thereby improving the overall communication methods and practice. Threat of overall communication methods and practice The major threat in face to face communication is there is no evidence for future reference related with the communication. Similarly with respect to letters, reports and proposal, the storage and retrieval is a big issue (Hallahan, et al., 2007). The threat in email, website and social media is the hacking of important data and privacy of the personal information. The threat in using mobile phone is lack of network within office complex and lack of coverage in remote areas. Findings from SWOT analysis of Woolworths overall communication methods and practice From the above analysis using SWOT framework it is evident that the company cannot rely on single communication methods and practice owing to the weaknesses of each tool. It is also found that electronic media is cheaper and faster mode of communication compared to the non electronic communication (Hallahan, et al., 2007). The analysis also established the fact that Website and social media provide scope to interact with customers directly and seek their valuable feedback. Though there are threats related with the electronic media and it can impact the data and information of the company. Compare the communication practices of the companys 2 main competitors The main competitor of Woolworths in Australia is other supermarket chain Coles and Aldi. On assessing and comparing the communication practices of Woolworths with its two main competitor Coles and Aldi it is found that the three supermarket chain combine the electronic media communication with non electronic communication to improve effectiveness (Guffey, Loewy, 2012). On assessing the non electronic communication adopted by three supermarket chain Woolworths, Coles and Aldi, it was observed that all three use Face to face communication as the basic tool along with meeting. The written non electronic communication such as report, proposal, memorandum, and invoice is also used to communicate with staffs, customers, suppliers and government (Guffey, Loewy, 2012). Further on assessing the electronic communication adopted by three supermarket chain Woolworths, Coles and Aldi it is found that all three use the email and mobile to communicate with internal and external stakeholders. But on comparing the Website and social media as part of the electronic media communication they differ from each other. The social media used by Woolworths include Face book, You Tube, Twitter, Pinterest, Instagram and tumblr and it illustrate that the company has strong and active presence in all the major social media. When this is compared with the social media used by Coles it is found that they have presence in Face book, You Tube, Twitter, Instagram. From the comparison of two companies it was found that Colas is not present in Pinterest, and tumblr (Van Fombrun, 2007). Further when this is compared with the social media used by Aldi it is found that they have presence in Face book, You Tube, Twitter. Thus the comparison stated ALDI has no presence in Pinterest, Instagram and tumblr. Similarly on comparing the website of Woolworths, Coles and Aldi it is found they are different from each other. On assessing the website of Woolworths it is found that the home page has navigation tabs such as products, specials, recipes, lists, stores, discover. It also provides option if login, sign up and checkout. On comparing this with Coles it is observed that the home page has tabs such as Catalogues Specials, Shop online, Locations hours, Recipes tips, our range and corporate responsibility (Van Fombrun, 2007).. It also provides option for search groceries and search for keywords, brands or products. On comparing this with Aldi it is found there are main tabs special buys, groceries, shopping at Aldi and About Aldi along with shopping list. Thus it is found from the assessment and comparison that all three websites communicate the products and services of the company and option for conducting the online shopping. The other tabs vary from each other. The comparison of the communication practices of Woolworths, Coles and Aldi are summarized below Communication practices Woolworths Coles Aldi Face to Face Communication Yes Yes Yes Meeting Yes Yes Yes Report, Proposal, Invoice and Memorandum Yes Yes Yes Email Yes Yes Yes Website 7 tabs 6 tabs 4 tabs Social Media Face book, You Tube, Twitter, Pinterest, Instagram and tumblr Face book, You Tube, Twitter, Instagram Face book, You Tube, Twitter Mobile phones Yes Yes Yes Suggestion and recommendation for improving communication Based on the assessment of the communication and E-Communication strategies of Woolworths, it is found that the company use Face to -Face communication as one of preferred mode of non-electronic communication to engage with customers, suppliers, staff members and the public (Cornelissen, 2014). From the SWOT analysis conducted it was found that the Face to-Face communication as no evidence for future reference so it should be avoided while communicating with customers, suppliers, staff members and the public as they can refuse at later time and it is difficult to prove the point. On the other hand if Face to Face is only alternative in that situation it should be recorded for future reference. This signifies the growing importance of electronic communication compared to non electronic communication (Cornelissen, 2014). This is the reason Meeting which is another non electronic communication is supported by minutes of meeting that is documented. It is suggested that Woolworths should maintain the documentation of report, proposal, memorandum, and invoice for future reference and there should be proper retrieval system. With respect to electronic communication, it is found from the assessment that Woolworths focus on email to communicate with internal and external stakeholders. It is no doubt the most cost effective and speedy communication. But it is suggested that the company mail should be password protected and there should be strict instruction to staff that company mail cannot be used for personal purpose (Dozier, Grunig, Grunig, 2013). Any staff found using company mail for personal use will be penalized. It is also suggested that that staffs are given training about data protection act so that they maintain the privacy of customer information. Similarly the website and social media sites are prone to security risk. It is suggested that the company take the security measures to make this electronic media highly safe and secure so that customers can use them without any fear of data hacking. Further in the use of mobile phones, it is suggested that the company should subscribe to service prov ider who has proper network coverage so that staffs can communicate without interruption (Dozier, Grunig, Grunig, 2013). By implementing these suggestion and recommendation, it is possible for Woolworths to improve the communication and engage with internal and external stakeholders in a more effective way. Conclusion From the discussion above it is evident that communication plays a significant role in dealing with different stakeholder. The communication strategy of the company can use non-electronic communication or non electronic communication (Lindlof, Taylor, 2010). In context to Woolworths it is found that the company use the combination of electronic and non electronic communication to promote internal and external communication. From the SWOT analysis it is found that each tool has its benefits and limitation and the company should use the tool suitable for the situation. It is evident that the electronic communication like email, website and social media is growing as they provide benefits over non electronic communication (Lindlof, Taylor, 2010). It is also found from the comparison of Woolworths with its main competitor Colas and Aldi that the company use the website and social media more effectively with active presence. References Berger, C. R., Roloff, M. E., Ewoldsen, D. R. (Eds.). (2010). The handbook of communication science. Sage. Bovee, Courtland. (2012). Business Communication Today, 10/e. Pearson Education India. Carr, A. S., Kaynak, H. (2007). Communication methods, information sharing, supplier development and performance: an empirical study of their relationships. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 27(4), 346-370. Carroll, C. E. (2015). The handbook of communication and corporate reputation (Vol. 49). John Wiley Sons. Cornelissen, J. (2014). Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Debrand, C. C., Johnson, J. J. (2008). Gender differences in email and instant messaging: A study of undergraduate business information systems students. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 48(3), 20-30. Dozier, D. M., Grunig, L. A., Grunig, J. E. (2013). Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Guffey, M. E., Loewy, D. (2010). Business communication: Process and product. Cengage Learning. Guffey, M. E., Loewy, D. (2012). Essentials of business communication. Cengage Learning. Hallahan, K., Holtzhausen, D., Van Ruler, B., Ver?i?, D., Sriramesh, K. (2007). Defining strategic communication. International journal of strategic communication, 1(1), 3-35. Helms, M. M., Nixon, J. (2010). Exploring SWOT analysiswhere are we now? A review of academic research from the last decade. Journal of strategy and management, 3(3), 215-251. Lindlof, T. R., Taylor, B. C. (2010). Qualitative communication research methods. Sage. Van Riel, C. B., Fombrun, C. J. (2007). Essentials of corporate communication: Implementing practices for effective reputation management. Routledge. Vonk, G., Geertman, S., Schot, P. (2007). A SWOT analysis of planning support systems. Environment and Planning A, 39(7), 1699-1714.

Withstanding the Challenge of Transnational Network in the System of Education

Introduction: Back to Where It All Started In the course of the past few decades, people have been trying to make the distance between states and cultures as less noticeable as possible; an obvious result of globalization, the given phenomenon has also touched upon the specifics of the British education. In the 7th Chapter of the book by Tim Dunne, Milya Kurki Steve Smith, the former argues against Bulls’ opinion that â€Å"there is no escape from values.†1Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Withstanding the Challenge of Transnational Network in the System of Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Claiming that shared values are the only thing which the modern world should strive for for the sake of science development, Dune does not take into account that the integration which is currently taking place between the English schools and the schools from the rest of the world is a natural process whi ch is bound to bring to fruitful results. Escape from Values as a Possible Threat: There Is a Reason to Shatter the Existing Rules According to Dunn, the idea that â€Å"Values will inform the selection of topics to Be studied, and the writings and statements of academics will in turn have an impact on the political process†2 is absolutely insane. Hence, Dunn explained, comes the weakest point of Bull’s argument, for the values within certain fields are completely independent and cannot impact one another. However, when rethinking the idea which Bull offered, one can possibly argue that there can be a grain of truth in Bull’s speculations. What Holds the Values Together: Stronger Than They Might Seem However, when it comes to taking a more critical look at Bull’s theory and Dunn’s counterarguments, one must admit that the relations between the world politics and science seem way too far-fetched. Indeed, as Dunn emphasizes, â€Å"the enforcement of human rights principles risked undermining international order†3 does not have anything to do with reality. As a matter of fact, Bull makes rather bold statement claiming that the human rights reinforcement can affect the international order negatively, which Dunn points out in his analysis. Thus, with the help of Dunn’s argument, one can see clearly that national order is far stronger than it may seem and that sharing scientific data worldwide will not harm it in any possible way. A Danger or an Opportunity? English School Needs Reorganization According to Dunn, the idea of shared knowledge does not imply any political context and presupposes rather building stronger cultural and scholarly ties between the countries of the world than crashing the traditional values of the English school.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dunn makes it obvious that Bullâ€⠄¢s theory need serious reconsideration, for it is rather out of date from the modern world and its constant changes: â€Å"In our globalized world, the dynamics of governance outstrip these traditional English school categories.†4 Conclusion: The Established Values as the Three Pillars of Education: English School and Changes Therefore, it is obvious that the idea of values exchange as something that can lead to serious political conflicts is less than implausible; to be more exact, it is straight ridiculous. With the help of shared facts, information and knowledge, people will be able to provide a variety of innovations, which would be hardly possible if shared knowledge was considered inappropriate. Bibliography Dunne, Tim. â€Å"The English School.† In International Relations Theories: Discipline and  Diversity, edited by Tim Dunne, Milya Kurki Steve Smith, 135-155. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2007. Footnotes 1. Tim Dunne, â€Å"The English School† in International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity, edited by Tim Dunne, Milya Kurki Steve Smith (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2007), 139. 2 Tim Dunne, â€Å"The English School† in International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity, edited by Tim Dunne, Milya Kurki Steve Smith (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2007), 139. 3Tim Dunne, â€Å"The English School† in International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity, edited by Tim Dunne, Milya Kurki Steve Smith (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2007), 146. 4 Tim Dunne, â€Å"The English School† in International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity, edited by Tim Dunne, Milya Kurki Steve Smith (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2007), 147.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Withstanding the Challenge of Transnational Network in the System of Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Withstanding the Challenge of Transnational Network in the System of Education was written and submitted by user Aaden Combs to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Alsace essays

Alsace essays Alsace, one of the smallest French provinces (8, 200 km2)(Discover France, notecard #2), is located in the far north-east corner of the country, surrounded by the well-known Foret Noire (Black Forest) and the Vosges mountains. You can find there rich farmland, dense forests, vineyards, towns and villages. Population of Alsace is about 1,649,000(Discover France, notecard #2) . The density of population is 209 people per km2. Like any other French province, Alsace has a big variety of different foods. You may like to try pates de fois gras of Strasbourg and choucroute. Dont forget to appreciate the wonderful taste of porc au deux pommeswhich consists of porc served with potatoes and apples, delicious tarte Alsacienne (fruit- and custard-filled tart), and the original potato salad with sausage, which reveals the German influence on Alsatian cuisine. In case you want to try Alsatian beverages, choose wines, liqueurs, and famed Alsatian beer. Alsace is divided into the departments of Haut-Rhin and Bas-Rhin, together with its traditional capital Strasbourg, which is a major port on the river Rhine. Strasbourg is not only the capital of Alsace, but also the capital of the German-speaking France. The majority of local announcements are in both languages. Although Strasbourg is a small compact city, it is a modern European economic and administrative centre. It is a fast-developing city and is now home to the European Parliament, the European Court, and the European Commission of Human Rights. Many foreign companies and the French headquarters of international banks are located there. The quality of life is very high in Strasbourg. There are also high employment possibilities for well-educated people. A great number of architectural achievements and museums in Strasbourg represernt the citys formula of combining the old ith the contemporary. For instance, ...

Discuss two or three texts which explore the idea that gender roles Essay

Discuss two or three texts which explore the idea that gender roles are performative rather than innate. Discuss with reference - Essay Example Socially accepted mannerisms and functions are them critiqued through frameworks of understanding that are at once rebellious and radical. These texts open up new ways of understanding the gender relations that exist in patriarchal societies and the influences that such societies have on the people who are a part of such societies. The texts also open up the possibilities for social theorists to understand the ways in which society as a whole is complicit in the victimization of women. The victim’s complicity is also often explored and this results in a better understanding of how the power structures that area associated with patriarchy are able to stifle women’s roles without any voice of dissent making itself known or heard. Film theorists have often been able to locate such discrepancies in the society that is modern and yet patriarchal; they have also been able to locate better the performative aspect of gender because of the very nature of film as a medium. The Gr eat Gatsby is an important example of gender relations in the American society during the 1920s. This was an era when there was a great emphasis on the improvement of the economy and speculative investments were on the rise during this era. As a result of this, there were a large number of people who were extremely wealthy and held a great number of very lavish parties. Jay Gatsby is one such person. His source of income is very mysterious. What the reader knows of Jay Gatsby is what he chooses to tell the narrator Nick. As a result of this, the reader has no option but to accept the version of Gatsby. This passage makes this very clear- The truth was that Jay Gatsby, of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic conception of himself. He was a son of God—a phrase which, if it means anything, means just that—and he must be about His Father’s business, the service of a vast, vulgar, and meretricious beauty. So he invented just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a s eventeen year old boy would be likely to invent, and to this conception he was faithful to the end (Fitzgerald 1995, 16). The idea of inventing for oneself the kind of identity that was in vogue during the twenties is what Gatsby does. What he does is informed by the gender codes of the time and he is able to successfully inhabit such a role. This makes him a successful person for those who are around him. To inhabit a gender role is thus, what makes a person successful in a patriarchal society according to Fitzgerald. This inhabitation of gender roles can also be seen in the women characters of the novel. For instance, the extreme femininity of Daisy is what makes her attractive to the two men who are in love with her. Her rejection of the gender roles that are prescribed then makes room for turmoil and tension within the novel, the kind of tension that finally leads Gatsby to his death. Tom is another character who chooses to inhabit a space that has been socially prescribed. He p lays out an older form of masculinity. According to this role, he is physically strong and is also the provider of the family. Such ideas of gender, according to feminists like Simone de Beauvoir are based on the idea that gender roles are based on the sex of a person. Such roles are then sanctioned by the society and this leads to them being set

Confession Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Confession - Case Study Example Fiona, who has a mental age of 12, is also questioned before the arrival of her solicitor and she admits after 2 hours of questioning that she did assist Elizabeth, but she only did so because she finds her intimidating. Elizabeth and Fiona have previous convictions for burglary and theft and are anxious that these should not be revealed to the jury. Elizabeth informs you that she was at home with her partner James at the time of the alleged offence and has therefore been wrongfully charged. Elizabeth instructs you that James is willing to give evidence on her behalf. Fiona claims that she did inform the interviewing officer of her wish to have her solicitor present before she was interviewed, the officer she claims offered to deal with her leniently if she admitted to her participation in the offence. Are the confessions obtained by the police from Elizabeth and Fiona in the interview admissible as evidence in the offence charged against them Is James qualified to give testimonial evidence in behalf of Elizabeth And will the previous conviction of Elizabeth and Fiona for burglary and theft admissible as evidence against them in this case The current laws of the United Kingdom admit confession as a form of testimonial evidence in an offence charged against a defendant. However, in order to be admissible, a confession is subject to certain conditions or requirements. Confession that was obtained through oppression or violation of the defendant's (human) rights is excluded or inadmissible as evidence in the offence charged against him. To understand the admissibility of the confessions and to answer other relevant issues in this case, it is first essential to analyze history, definition and the conditions for a confession to be admissible as evidence in criminal cases. Historical Perspectives on the Issues Relating to Confessions Most of the decisions in criminal cases at the United Kingdom were based on common law. Under this law, evidence even if improperly obtained is admissible as long as it is relevant to an issue of a case. "A trial judge has no discretion to refuse the acceptance of relevant evidences on the ground that it was improperly obtained or obtained through unfair means" (R v Sang, 1979, UKHL 3). However, with the passage of time, new codes were passed in the United Kingdom that limited or modified the use of common law in deciding cases. Important of these laws are the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, herein referred to as PACE 1984, and the Criminal Justice Act 2003 that will be the primary bases of the arguments to be laid down in this presentation. The Police and Criminal Evidence Act of 1984 (PACE) (1984 c. 60) is an Act of Parliament which instituted a legislative framework for the powers of police officers in England and Wales to combat crime, as well as providing codes of practice for the exercise of this powers" On the other hand, the Criminal Justice Act of 2003 provides guidelines on the admissibility in criminal proceedings of various evidences. The passage of these laws gave a new requirement for evidence to be admissible in criminal cases, that is, competency. In general, evidence is admissible in court proceedings if it is competent and relevant. Evidence is competent if it is not excluded by any rule of law, and it is relevant if it has a logical connection in the facts in issue. Evidence obtained violating these requirements is inadmissible in cour

Cybersecurity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cybersecurity - Coursework Example The N-gram list of Caesar encryption of the document itself would be the most effective for a cryptanalyst to use to decipher a text encrypted with the Caesar cipher as it shows the frequency of each character used in the document. As E is the most commonly used letter of the alphabet, seeing that the highest frequency letter is H with 148 different instances of the letter would indicate that H is the substitute for the letter E. With this known, it can be seen that there is a shift of 3 present in this particular cipher. Once that has been determined, it would be a simple enough task to pair up all the other letters with their associated substitutions, and then translate the document back to its original text. Q2. What do you notice about the histogram results when text is encrypted with the Vigenere cipher in comparison to the results of the Caesar cipher? Why is this the case? The histogram results of the Vigenere cipher show an increase in the frequency of the letters that were u sed in the code word â€Å"applesauce† that encrypted the document. The Caesar cipher does not show this kind of across the board increase in particular letters due to the fact that it does not work off of an encryption key of this nature, but works instead off of an alphabet shift. Q3. There is an error in the following cipher text representation of this quote; what is it? What should the correct cipher text be? SDAHFOWGRABSSRERIVBYBSCIMQTFNIVETGHBSNQCNCSDTDHBSNQCD ECNICIFCTIC The error in the following cypher text occurs in the fourth to last letter of the text. The second to last C that is listed in the above cipher text should be an O instead. The cipher text for the quote, â€Å"The difference between stupidity and genius is that genius has its limits† should read: SD AH FO WG RA BS SR ER IV BY BS CI MQ TF NI VE TG HB SN QC NC SD TD HB SN QC DE CN IC IF OT IC. Q4. Of the three ciphers discussed (Caesar, Vigenere, Playfair), what are their relative degrees of secur ity and why? Of the three ciphers discussed, the Caesar is the easiest cipher to break. This particular cipher may be found and used by anyone of any age; I can remember using it back in elementary school in order to pass notes in class. The Vigenere cipher is a bit stronger, requiring a more complex method of analysis in order to determine the proper code needed in order to unlock the â€Å"secret message.† It is the Playfair cipher, however, which shows itself to be the most secure of the three ciphers, as it removes all spacing, or generates its own spacing after every second character, making it impossible to guess the word without the need to â€Å"crack the code† first. Lab 2: Advanced Cryptography Functions Q5. For each of the following, state whether ECB or CBC would be most appropriate and give a brief explanation as to why. a. An online bank statement b. An encrypted VoIP session